Type-writing machine



Patented Aug. 23, |898. B. C. STICKNEY. TYPE wmTlNGfmAcHlNE.

(Applimion med July so, 189e.) (ND ModeU 9 Sheets-Shept l.

Tru: cams Pncns co, Puo-rammel. wAsmNnTo, n. cv

No. 609,476. Patnted Aug. 23, I898.

B. C. STICKNEY. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application led July 30, 1896.)

(No Model.)

FG. 2. g M. n I? THE Nonms Pzrzas no., Puch-uma.. wAsHmcToN. D, c.

No. 609,476. Patented Aug. 23, |898.

` B. c. sTlcKNEY. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application filed July 30` 1896.) (N0 Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 3.

Mii/M7 TN: Noam: PETERS co. PHoroLm-xo., wAsmNnmN, D. c.

No. 609,476. Patened All 23 |898 B. c. sTIcKNEY. g

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(No Modem (Application @ed my 3o 1896 s sheets-sheer: 4.

L@ @Hrw 1N: Nonms PETERS co., PHoroVumo. ImsnmcnonY n, c.

No. 609,476. Patented Aug.A 23, |898. B. C. STICKNEY. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application led July 30, 1896.) (No Model.) 9 sheets-Sheet 5.

WVM/woo aq M7 me Ncmms PETERS co.. mom-mma, wAsmNcToN. o c.

No. 609,476. Patented Aug. 23, |898.

B. C. STICKNEY. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

i (Application filed July 30, 1896.) (No Model.) 9 Sheets-Shee 6.

ma mums Pzvzns co.. Fumo-Limo.. wAsNmc-TcuA u, c.

No. 609,476. Patented Aug. 23, |898. B. C. STICKNEY.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

. (Application filed July 30, 1896.) (N o M o d e] 9 Sheets-$heet 7.

Snom/L hoz No. 609,476. Patented Aug. 23, |898.

B. C. ySTICKNEY.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application med July so, 1896,) (No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 8.

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1u: unime PETERS co, mmc-mwa. vuswnn-rorg u4 c,

No. 609,476. Patented Aug. 23, |8598.

B. C. STICKNEY.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.-

. (Application filed July 30, 1896.) v (No Model.) 9 sheets-sheet 9.

n N. Y om O TN: Nonms PETERS co, Hom-mwa, wAsnwomN. u. c.

` tached and replaced by simple operations,

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PATENT 7' Erice.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 609,476, dated .August 23, 1898.

Application iiled July 30, 1896. Serial No. 601,024. (No model.) l V To @ZZ whom] t may concern:

Be it known that I, BURNHAM Coos STICK- NEY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Elizabeth, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey,`have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Writing l\lachines,of which the following is a speciiication.

My invention relates to the ribbon movementsof type-writing and other machines employin g an inkribbon-`such as cash-registers, date-stamps, &c.-and it relates also to the method of propelling the paper-carriage and operating the carriage-alarm of type-writing machines, and has for its object to provide practicable devices whereby the ribbon may be moved lengthwise and automaticallyswitched or reversed at the end of its lengthwise movement without requiring special adjustment by the operator with reference to the switching mechanism, and whereby ribbons of various lengths may be used indiscriminately in connection with the switching mechanism; to

provide detachable, transposable, and endwise-reversibleribbon-spools,theconstruction and arrangement being such that the ribbon and spools may be detached bodily from the machine without disconnecting the ribbon from either spool, and the spools transposed in position, or the ribbon and spools turned bodily over to expose the other surface of the ribbon to the impact ofthe types and prolong the l-ife of the ribbon, the longitudinal feed and automatic reversal of the ribbon duly taking place in whichever position the ribbon and spools may be placed, and the ribbon, together with the spools, being dewithout reference `to the switching mechanism; to provide improved means for securing uniform wear of the ribbon widthwise, the width-wise motion being secured by means arranged independently of the winding and switching mechanism, the combination and arrangement being such that the operator needs only to attach the ribbon to the spools in the usual way, without fastening projections on the ribbon or other manipulation or special adj ustmentwhereupon the ribbon will feed lengthwise and widthwise and automatically reverse its lengthwise motion, and such that the ribbon, together with the spools, may

be bodily detached and the spools and ribbon transposed or turned over or another pair of spools slipped on the machine, bearing a ribbon of different color or length, without interrupting the lengthwise, widthwise, or reverse movements.

The invention further consists in improved means for adjusting the carriage-alarm to signify the approach of the end of the line of Writing;` and it further consists in the various features ot' construction and combinations of devices hereinafter more fully described, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a sectional front elevation of so much of a type-writing machine as is necessary to illustrate my improvements.

Fig. 2 is a rear elevation showing substantially the same mechanism as Fig. l, the ribbon being entirely A unwound from one spool and the automatic switching action being about to take place. Fig. 3 is a like viewto Fig. 2, but showing the position of the various parts when the automatic switching or reversing action is about half finished. Fig. t is a view illustrating the method of arranging the spools after turning the spools and ribbon over to expose the other surface of the ribbon to the types,.the empty spool having been, if nec essary, manually brought to its winding position and the ribbon beginning to wind thereon. Fig. 5 is a view similar to Figs. 2 and 3, but showing the automatic reversal as having been completed and the ribbon beginning to wind upon the empty spool. Fig. o' is an elevation of the rear portion of the right-hand side of the machine. Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken about centrally of the machine and showing an elevation of the lefthand side of the machine. Fig. 8 is a plan of the ribbon motion, the pawls and springs having been omitted for the sake of elearness. This view shows the mechanism as it would appear if the top plate of the machine were removed. Fig. 9 is a plan ot the rear portion of the top of the machine, showing a portion oi' the paper-carriage. Figs. 9a, 9b, and 9C illustrate a method of connecting the ribbonpulleys so they will reciprocate in unison.

adjusting mechanism. Fig. l1 shows detail ICO views of the carriage-alarm-adjusting mechanism. Fig. 12 is a plan showing the rear portion of the base of the machine, including the carriage-driving shaft. Fig. 13 shows details of the ribbon-spool. Fig. 14 shows details of the ribbon-spool supporting and detaching mechanism. Fig. 15 shows a sectional view of the spool with its holding and detaching mechanism assembled. Fig. 16 illustrates the method of detaching the spool. Fig. 17 shows details of one of the reciprocating ribbon-pulleys. Fig. 18 shows a sectional plan of the pulley when in its extreme forward position.

In the several views the same numeral of reference will be found to designate the same part. 1 represents the side wall of the base of the machine; 2, the top plate or type-bar ring, to which is secured the usual circularly-arran ged system of type-bars, only one of which is shown; 3, the usual posts extending up from the base to support the top plate, and 4 the rear wall of theA base.

Carriage driving mechcmfismf-The carriage-driving shaft is arranged transversely in the base of the machine, one end of the shaft being supported in the side wall and the other support therefor consisting of an arm projecting inwardly from the rear wall. As shown clearly in Figs. 7 and 12, the forwardly-projecting horizontal arm 5 is cast integrally with the rear wall 4 and is formed at its forward end with a boss 6. In this boss is revolubly mounted the usual carriage-tension-adjusting ratchet-wheel 8 by means of its hollowhub 7. This hub or bushing passes l through the boss 6 and projects at the other side, and to this projecting port-ion one end of the carriage-propelling spring'is attached. Arranged in engagement with the ratchetwheel 8 is the usual adjusting-pallet 9. The driving-shaft 10 is mounted at the left-hand end at 11 in theside wall of the base and, extending across the machine, passes through the hollow hub 7, which constitutes a second support for the shaft. The shaft is provided with a sheave 12, formed with a hub 13, and attached to the sheave is a cord 14, which eX- tends up to a pulley 15, secured to the top plate, and passes thence horizontally to a suitable connection with the carriage-rack 16. The carriage-propelling spring 17 is wound around the shaft for the major portion of the shafts length, one end of the spring being secured at 1S to the hub 13 of sheave 12, which is rigidly attached to the shaft, and the other end being attached to a screw 19, set into the hub 7 of the ratchet-wheel, which is provided with several handles 20. Any desired tension of the spring may be secured by the usualmanipulation of the ratchet-wheel and pallet. As usual, the spools are arranged one on each sideof the type-bar system and bon-spool is provided with a ratchet-wheel and driving-pawl, the pawls being of peculiar formation and action. Each pawl is actuated by the carriage-driving shaft and extends vertically therefrom to its associated ratchet- Wheel. At its lower end the pawl is provided with a series of cogs or teeth to engage a pinion fixed on the shaft, so that as the shaft rotates in one direction or the other the pawl is moved lengthwise up or down. The pawl is also provided at its upper end with a series of ratchet-teeth, and as it moves down it will engage and rotate the ratchet-wheel and spool, and as it moves up it will slip idly over the teeth of the ratchet-wheel. A spring is arranged to press the upper end of the pawl into engagement with the ratchet-wheel.

The hub 13 of sheave 12 is provided with a pinion 21, which may be of any desired formation, but which preferably is composed of a circular series of pins confined between the hub 13 and a flange 22. The vertical pawl 23 gears with the pinion at its lower end and with the ratchet-wheel 24 at its upper end, and when the carriage is moving in letterspace direction the pawl moves downwardly under the rotation of shaft 10 and rotates the ratchet-wheel 24 and spool 25. Spring 2G presses the upper end of the pawl into engagement with the ratchet-wheel. Aholdingpawl 27, acting by gravity and having only two or three teeth, engages with the ratchet- Wheel 24 and prevents reverse movement thereof. Similar rotating mechanism is provided for the other ribbon-spool, the shaft 10 being provided at the opposite side of the machine with a like pinion 2S, having a like flange 20, and with this pinion engages a like pawl 30 for rotating ratchet-wheel 3l, which is provided with a like holding-pawl 32. At Fig. 2 the two pawls just mentioned are shown as disengaged from the ratchet-wheel 31 during the unwinding movement of associated spool 4l.

Projecting inwardly from the side walls of the base are horizontal pins 33 34, which prevent accidental rearward displacement of the rack-pawls 23 30, 'which are also secured against sidewise displacement by the hubs and iianges before mentioned. 1

Spring 17 being wound around the shaft 10 for a considerable distance, a substantially uniform power is exerted upon the carriage during its entire travel, the pressure exerted by the spring at the end of the line of writing being so nearly the saine as that exerted at the beginning of the line that the difference is of no practical moment. By mounting one end of the shaft in the side wall, as at 11, and having the other support consist of the tension-adjusting wheel 8, mounted in an inwardly-projecting arm, I am enabled to confine the shaft, spring, sheave, and adjust- IOO IIO

ing means in the base of the machine, where they are inconspicuous an'd at the same time Within convenient reach for manipulation and repairs. By mounting the shaft transversely I am enabled to arrange means at each end of the shaft for rotating the ribbon-spools thereabove, and by placing the transverse shaft below the ratchet-wheels l am enabled to employ pinions iixed on the shaft and meshing with verticall y-arran ged rack-pawls, whereby the power exerted by the carriagespring is transmitted directly to the ribbonspool ratchets without intervening cams, shafts, and levers. By prolonging the shaft beyond one of its supports I am enabled to place an adjustable cap for operating the carriage-alarm on the end of the shaft and to arrange the cap to protrude slightly through the side wall of the base, where it can be easily perceived and manipulated. This also permits the arrangement of the bell and hammer within the base, where they are inconspicuous and easily accessible.

Switch for automatically reversing longitudinal feed of ribbon-*In Fig. 2 the spool 25, upon which the body of the ribbon has been wound in the manner above described, is shown in an elevated positiomwhile the empty spool 41 is shown in a depressed position. The rack-pawl is still in engagement with the full spool 25, but owing to the fact that the empty spool can pay out no more ribbon the full spool is prevented from further rotation. The switching mechanism is inactive during the unwinding movement of either spool, but is brought into action by the stoppage of such spool, as will now be explained. The full spool being held against winding any further, the further downward progress of the rack-pawl operates to swing downwardly both the ratchet-wheel and spool, while at the same time the empty spool is swung upwardly, as it is connected to the full spool to swing therewith. This motion of the spools is alateral motion, as distinguished from the endwise spool motion usual in type-writing machines. During the depression of the full spool and elevation of the empty spool the heretofore active rack-pawl is switched out of engagement with its associated ratchet-wheel, and the heretofore inactive pawl is switched or let into engagement with its associated ratchetwheel and operates thereafter to wind the ribbon upon the empty spool. As soon as that becomes full the switching operation is repeated, so that the ribbon continues to wind back and forth without attention from the operator.

Arranged at each side of the machine is a pivoted frame which vibrates in a vertical plane transversely of the machine-z'. e., in the same vertical plane inlwhich the ribbonspools rotate. These frames are pivoted in brackets that extend downwardly from the top plate, and they are provided with suitablebearings for the shafts of the ribbonspools. They are 4connected'by a horizontally-arranged link and vibrate sim ultaneously, one spool swinging up as the other swings down, during which operation the ribbon is carried bodily along fora distance equal and 27 from ratchet-wheel 24.

to the extent of the vibration. Either spool may be elevated or depressed manually, if

desired, or either driving-pawl will swing its 7o Referring nowto Fig. S, the ribbon-spool 25 is supported upon the front end of a shaft which is revolubly mounted in the pivoted frame 36. The details of the spools and shafts `are shown at Figs. 13 to 16 and will be hereinafter described. The frame 36 is provided 8o with two inwardlyextending arms 37 3S,

which embrace the lower end of the bracket 39, fixed to the top plate 2. The frame 36 is pivoted at 40 to the bracket, the pin being passed through the arm 38, the bracket, and

the arm 37. The opposite ribbon-spool 41 is likewise mounted upon a shaft 42, which is mounted in a similar pivoted frame 43, pro-` vided with like Aarms 44 45, Fig. 14, by which it is pivotally mounted in like manner at 46 9o to the bracket 47. These frames 36 and 43 are connected by a transverse link or bar 4S, the same being pivoted at each end to arms depending from the respective framesat 49 to arm 45 of frame 43 and at 50 to arm 38 of 95 frame 36, Fig. 2. The link extends across the machine beneath the type-bars and so connects the spools that when either is depressed the other is elevated.

To retain the pivoted frames in position at roc either end of their vibratory movement, a double-acting spring 5l is provided, it being pivotally mounted at 52 upon the bracket 39 and at 53 being pivotally connected to an arm 54, extending upwardly from the vibratory frame 36. The spring is arranged to bear upon either side ofthe pivot 40, so as to hold the frame 36 either elevated or depressed, and thereby, through the link 48, hold the other vibratory frame in its corresponding position. I ro A suitable stop for limiting the vibration of the frames will be presently described., A double-acting weight would serve in place of the spring, though I preferably employ a spring, as being lighter and less bulky. link 4S serves also as a switch to disengage and engage the driving-pawls and holdingpawls with their respective ratchet-wheels, and for this purpose is provided -at its ends with rearwardly-extending fingers 55 56. At 12o 4 Fig. 2 the finger 55 stands idle, while iinger, 56 is withholding the rack-pawl 30 and detent-pawl 32 from engagement with ratchetwheel 3l. At Fig. 3 both lingers are idle, the

spools being shown as having reached a midway posit-ion in the switching operation and all four of the pawls being for the moment in engagement with the ratchet-wheels, as willA be hereinafter explained, and at Fig. 5 the link 4S is shown as having arrived at the op- `15o posite extreme of its horizontal movement,

in which position the finger 56 is idle, while the finger 55 has withdrawn the pawls 23 The holding- The I I5 pawls 27 and 32 are provided at their lower ends with enlargements 57, wherewith the fingers Contact when swinging the pawls out of engagement. The pawls 27 and 32, besides preventing reverse rotation of the ratchetwheels, serve also to prevent reverse vertical movement of the pivoted frames should it happen at anytime that the automatic switching operation be only partially completed when the paper-carriage is retracted to begin a new line and the driving-pawls are consequently carried upward, and for this purpose each holding-pawl is provided with a short series of teeth, so that it can perform this function during any portion of the downward movement of the frame and prior to its disengagement from the frame.

During the winding of the ribbon on spool 25 the rack-pawl 30 is held by the 'finger 56 in a slightly-inclined position, so that it cannot engage the teeth of the ratchet-wheel 3l, as shown at Fig. 2, so that the ribbon-spool is free to rotate in a reverse direction as the ribbon unwinds therefrom, although the pawl 30 moves up and down in unison with the other rack-pawl as the shaft lO rotates back and forth.

During the winding movelnent of spool 25 y the ribbon is delivered from spool 4l and passes up and over the pulley 58, thence across over the type-bars and beneath the platen to pulley 59, and thence downwardly to spool 25.

I' will now explain more fully why the switching mechanism is called into action by the cessation of the unwinding movement of either spool. Referring now to Fig. 2, it will be observed that during the actuation of the ratchet-wheel 24 the driving-pawl exerts a downward pressure not only upon the ratchetwheel itself, but equally well upon the pivoted frame in which the wheel is mounted. For this reason there is a constant tendency of the pivoted frame to vibrate downwardly; but this tendency is constantly resisted by the double-acting spring 5l, which is made of such strength as to just withstand this downward dragging of the rack-pawl thatis, as long as no obstruction exists to the free passage of the ribbon from spool to spool, it is easier for the ratchet-wheel to rotate under the stress of the rack-pawl than it is for the frame to vibrate under that stress. Consequently the frame maintains its elevated position and the spool rotates until the other spool ceases to unwind, when, of course, the full spool can wind no more, and offers considerable extra resistance to being rotated by the rack-pawl. The rack-pawl, therefore, under the action of the carriage-spring, begins to press or drag with extra force upon the ratchet-wheel; but before this pressure has increased to any considerable degree the spring 5l yields, permitting the rack-pawl to `ribbon between the spools and extending across the machine is carried bodily along in the same direction in which it has been feeding-. e., the longitudinal feed of the ribbon is prolonged to an extent equal to the distance through which the spools vibrate.

In the operation just described the extra work thrown upon the descending rack-pawl is very slight, since the entire weight of the ribbon is upon the 4descending spool, so that gravity assists materially in the reversing operation. -Furthermore, as the keys are operated and the paper-carriage is fed across the machine the entire machine jars and vibrates to a considerable degree, and this jarring acts upon the heavy spool to shake it down or cause it to settle. For these reasons only an imperceptible amount of power from the carriage-spring is required to effect the switching operation, so that the prompt motions of the paper-carriage are not interfered with.

As soon as the double acting spring 5l passes over the dead-center its pressure is exerted on the opposite side of the pivot of the vibrating frame, and therefore assists in the downward motion thereof, its leverage becoming greater as the frame continues to swing until the latter portion of the downward movement of the frame is effected entirely by the action of the spring.

The switching mechanism is therefore called into action by the cessation of the paying off of the ribbon from the delivery-spool. Nevertheless the ribbon continues to move longitudinally past the printing-point during the entire switching operation owing to the described lateral movement of the spools.

During the lateral motion of the spools the bar or link 48 is actuated to engage thel idle pawls and disen gage the operative pawls. As the frame 36 turns on its pivot it forces the bar 48 toward the opposite side of the machine, thereby causing the frame 43 to vibrate and carry the empty spool 4l upward. During the early portion of the traverse of the bar 48 the idle rack-pawl 30 and holding-pawl 32 are let into rengagement with the ratchetwheel 3l, the former being actuated by the spring 26 and the latter by gravity, as shown at Fig. 3, and during the latter part of the traverse of the bar 48 the` finger 55 at the other end thereof contacts with the rack-pawl 23 and holding-pawl 27 and swings them to an inoperative position. The ribbon will now by the further descent of the pawls begin to wind upon the empty spool, as shown at Fig. 5. It will be observed that when the ribbon becomes taut by reason of the cessation of the unwinding movement of the delivery-spool the active pawl 28 calls the switching mechanism intooperation and that the switching operation is completed independently of the pawl 30 and rotary driver 3l associated with the empty spool-that is to say, the members 30 and 3l do not hinder, block, or delay the switching operation--and it will be further lOO observed that the rewinding ofv the ribbon upon the empty spool begins at once. An important feature of this switching mechanism lies in the fact that the disengagementof the active pawl from its ratchet-wheels is arranged to take place after the double-acting spring has passed over the dead-center and when there is no further active opposition to the longitudinal movement of the ribbon, and it is therefore relieved from longitudinal strain or tension, since at this moment there is practically no resistance to the further downward progress of the rack-pawl and consequently no perceptible pressure of the pawlteeth upon the teeth of the ratchet-wheel, so that there is no frictional opposition to the withdrawal of the rack-pawl from the ratchetwheel. Furthermore, the pawl is permitted to remain in engagement with the ratchetwheel until the double-acting spring has acquired sufficient leverage to force the ratchetwheel down in advance of the downward movement ofthe pawl, while at the same time the nger 55 contacts with the pawl and moves it laterally inward, so that there is in fact no rubbing contact between the pawlteeth and the ratchet-wheel teeth during the separation of one from the other. While the ribbon is still in longitudinal motion past the printing-point the driving-pawl, with its associated.holding-pawl, is disengaged from the ratchet-wheel without obstruction or friction. The disengagement of the driving-pawl requires so little power that the double-acting spring need be only sufficiently strong to resist the before-mentioned downward drag of the pawl during the winding of the ribbon on the spool.

An easily-operating switching mechanism is essential in this class of machines, since should it happen that the tension on the ribbon be greatly increased at the switching moment the spool would turn inside the ribbon. It would be easier for the spool to turn inside the ribbon and wind the coils of ribbon more tightly than it would for the switching mechanism to operate should its operation involve the placing of any great longitudinal strain upon the ribbon. The ribbon would remain quite stationary at the printing-point, the ink would be rapidly exhausted from the ribbon at that spot, and a hole would soon be worn, rendering the automatic switching mechanism quite unsuitable for practical use. Furthermore, so much extra demand would be made upon the carriage-propelling spring to overcome such obstruction that insufficient force would remain in the spring to move the carriage promptly, so that the types would strike improperly or print one on top of another, which of course would further render the switching mechanism impracticable.

The switching mechanism will be called into action whenever the ribbon ceases to unwind from either spool, so that after being placed in the machine it will wind back and forth without attention from the operator until worn out.

Referring again to Fig. 3, it will be observed that the switching operation is half finished. The spools, pivoted frames, link 48, and double-acting spring are all in a midway position. From this point the weight of the full spool, assisted materially bythe jarring of the machine in operation, will be found in practice sufficient to complete the reversing operation; but to insure the proper completion ofthe switching movement the driving-pawl 23 is arranged to remain still longer in active cooperation with its associated ratchet-wheel and pivoted frame, so that in its further descent it carries down the spool and swings the frame until the double-acting spring 51 has acquired such leverage as to completely control the entire apparatus and force it to thelimit of its switching motion, during which the finger 55 contacts with pawls 23 and 27 and carries them to the inoperative position shown at Fig. 5.

It will be observed at Fig. 3 that both drivin g-pawls stand in operative relation to their associated ratchet-wheels and appear to be pulling the ribbon in opposite directions; but in practice no harm results, since in the rst place the empty spool can be rotated through a short distance beforeit really begins to wind. In the second place the premature winding of the empty spool may cause the full spool to pay off a scarcely perceptible length of ribbon during its descending motion without doing any harm, the coils of course winding a little closer thereon. In the third place the superior weight of the full spool will in practice cause it to descend in advance of its actuating-pawl-i. e., the reversing action will tend to take place independently of the downward movement of the pawls-and in the fourth place the contrariwise action of the pawls upon the ribbon exists for only ashort time-too short, indeed, to permit any harmful result. lf desired, means may be provided for permitting the empty spool to rotate independently of the ribbon during the switching operation, which means will now be described. i

llfehod of attaching ribbon o spools. The ribbon is not secured directly `to the core of the spool in the usual manner, but is attached instead to a spring whichv surrounds the core, so as to be capable of rotating thereon, but which is normally held against such independent rotation. When theribbon is unwound from the spool and the tension thereon is increased,the spring will be released, so that the spool may rotate without rotating the spring; but when during the switching operation the longitudinal strain on the ribbon is relieved, as described, the spring refngages the core of the spool, so as to be rotated thereby to wind the ribbon thereon. Referring to Figs. 1, 6, V8, and 13, each spool-core 60 is provided with a circumferential series of perfo- ICO IIO

IZO

rations 6l. Embracing the core is a C-shaped spring 62, having a projection 63, normally entering one of the perforations Gl. The

f spring is also provided with a loop or eye 64,

to which the ribbon is attached in any suitable manner-as,for instance,it may be passed through the loop, folded back, and pinned to the body of the ribbon, as shown at Fig. 6, or a short piece of tape may be secured to the spring and the ribbon then pinned to the tape in the usual manner.

When the ribbon is all paid off the spool, the continued actuation of the full spool increases the longitudinal strain on the ribbon, whereby the spring 62 is IieXed sufficiently to withdraw the projection (53 from the perforation 6l, as shown clearly at Fig. l. Such a merely yielding connection between the ribbon and the spool will be found sufficient in practice to prevent undue strain on the ribbon during the temporary premature winding of the empty spool; but to insure against all possibilities of harm it will be seen from an inspection of Fig. 1 that when the projection 63 has been withdrawn from the perforation the spool may be rotated to an unlimited eX- tent Without winding the ribbon thereon or increasing the tension on the ribbon or in any way retarding the action of the switching mechanism. When, however, the strain on the ribbon is relieved, as described, the spring f will resume its normal shape, the projection 63 rengaging one of the perforations, either immediately or as soon as the spool is rotated to bring the perforation beneath the projection, and the spring will then rotate with the spool7 winding the ribbon thereon.

Cooperating mecms to prevent wearing ct hole in the ribbon-To reduce the liability of the full spool to continue winding independently of the ribbon after the other spool becomes empty, thereby winding the ribbon more tightly on the full spool and causing a hole to be worn in the ribbon, as above explained, I have provided means for Winding the coils of ribbon tightly on the Windingspool, particularly the first or inner coils, where the ribbon is most likely to yield when subjected to additional tension. As will be perceived, the smaller the diameter of the core 60 the greater is the liability of the ribbon to yield in this way.

Each of the vibrating frames is provided with a stop to limit the extent of its downward motion, and each ribbon-spool shaft is provided with a collar so situated that at the descent of the frame the collar comes into contact with the said stop and is held against the stop bythe action of the abovementioned double-acting spring 51. By this means a frictional opposition to the unwinding of the spool is set up,wherebyeXtra force is required to Wind the ribbon upon the other spool, so that the coils will Wind with a moderate degree of tightness thereon.

Referring to Figs. 2 and S, I have attached to bracket 47 at point 65 an elbow-like projecting piece 66, provided with au outwardly and downwardly projecting horn 67. Attached to ratchet-wheel 3l is a large boss or hub 68, the periphery whereof is in frictional contact with the horn G7. More friction, if desired, may be secured by enlarging the diameter of the boss. The pressure of the doubleactin g spring 5l is transmitted through framev 36, link 48, and frame 43 and serves to press the boss G8 against the horn-stop 67, thereby causing the ribbon to wind with the desired tension or tightness on the spool 25.

rFhe amount of friction on the boss 68, and consequently the degree of tightness with which the ribbon winds upon the spool 25, depends upon the strength of double-acting spring 5l. It will be borne in mind that the obstruction or resistance offered by this spring must be overcome at the beginning of the switching operation without subjecting the ribbon to sufficient tension to cause the spool to turn inside of the ribbon, and it will readily be understood that as the spring 5l is strengthened or weakened, requiring either more or less ribbon-tension to overcome its resistance, so will the frictional resistance be correspondingly more or less and the ribbon be caused to wind more tightly or loosely on the winding-spool. In other words, the spring cannot be strengthened and the amount of its resistance increased without corresponding increase in the degree of tightness with which the ribbon is wound on the spool, so that there is no increase of liability of the spool to turn inside of the ribbon at the critical moment.

l/Vhen the ribbon begins winding on the empty spool, the weight of the body of the ribbon which is on the depressed spool coacts with the spring 5l in producing frictional resistance. The friction lessens as the ribbon gradually accumulates on the winding-spool, Where it acts in opposition to the spring 5l. Thus the iirst coils are Wound the tightest, which is an ad vantage, as these would be most likely to yield when undue tension is put lupon the ribbon. As the spool J[ills each rotation thereof winds up more ribbon, so that each revolution of the spool makes a greater demand upon the carriage-propelling spring. At the same time the friction is diminished with each revolution, so that on the whole the demand made upon the carriage-spring is practically uniform during the entire operation of winding and reversing or switching the ribbon.

As already indicated, the weight of the ribbon on the full spool is almost sufficient to offset the resistance of the double acting spring 5l, soA that the switching mechanism operates byan inappreciabl y slight eXtra tension on the ribbon.

The frictional resistance to the longitudinal movement of the ribbon is entirely eliminated at the cessation of the unwinding of the delivery-spool. During the switchingoperation the ribbon moves along without arti- IOO IIO

iicial obstruction, as will be seen by refer-` ence to Figs. 2, 3, and 5, by which it will be seen that the stop 67 offers frictional resistance to the rotation only, but not to the ascent, of the spool, as contact between boss 68 and horn 67 ceases when such ascent begins. During the winding operation a demand is made upon the carriage-propelling spring to overcome the artificial resistance to the unwinding'of the delivery-spool. vAt the cessation of the unwinding movement this demand ceases, and instead thereof a demandis made upon the spring for power to operate the switching mechanism. The demand upon the spring is made thus practically uniform throughout the two operations of winding and switching, so that when the tension of the spring is adjusted to feed the carriage promptly during the winding of the ribbon it will be found to move the carriage promptly during the reversal also. Bracket 39 is provided with a like stop 69, which acts in like manner upon its associated boss to frictionally oppose the winding of the ribbon on spool el, as will be observed by reference to Fig. 5. The boss or collar associated with the winding-spool is always out of contact with its associated friction-stop, so there is no artificial opposition applied to either spool when winding, which would be undesirable and consume power unnecessarily. Brackets 66 and 69 also serve as guides for rack-pawls 30 and 23.

A peculiar and specially valuable feature of my invention lies in the fact that notwithstanding the switching mechanism is called into action by the cessation or failure of the empty spool t-o deliver any more ribbon to the winding-spool yet after the stoppage of the empty spool and during the actuation of the switch the longitudinal feed of the ribbon past the printing-point is prolonged, whereby fresh portions of the ribbon are exposed to the wear of the types.

By the contrivance of laterally-swinging ribbon-spools I am not only enabled to secure the prolonged longitudinal feed of the ribbon just referred to, but am also enabled to adopt the expedient of employing the spool-rotat ing pawls or devices for the additional purpose of operating the switching mechanism direct immediately the unwinding movement ceases. I am also thereby enabled to provide the described means for frictionally retarding the passage of the ribbon to the windingspool, for the purpose set forth, without artiiieially opposing the rotation of the windingspool also and to relieve the ribbon of frica machine wherein a `switch is mechanically operated at thecessation of the unwinding movement of a spool, means whereby the ribbon is keptin motion'longitudinally past the printing-point during the actuation of the switch notwithstanding the empty condition of the delivery-spool. In carrying out my invention the detail construction may be` widely varied. So long as the portion of the ribbon at the printing-point is kept in motion it is immaterial whether or not the remainder of the ribbon is moved.

Various constructions may be employed for mechanically imparting a lateral movement to the spool to call the switch into action. I prefer to move the spools simultaneously; but this is not essential so long as either spool is moved laterally.` If other means than those shown are employed to actuate the spoolwinding wheel, the same means may be utilized io impart lateral movement to the spools.

now more particularly to Figs. 13 to 16, each spool is provided at its forward end with a centrally-arranged yielding projection or plunger 76, pressure upon which will release the spool, so that it may be slipped off from the machine. 14, is slotted at its forward portion for nearly half its length at 7l. About midway of this slot av pin 7 2 is driven transversely through the shaft, and upon this pin is pivotally.

mounted a detent 7 3, which is provided with a short angularly-arranged arm 7 4. The ribbon-spool core 60 is provided at each end with a circularly-disposed series of longitudi-` nal slots 75, Fig. 13, and the detent 73 is adapted to enter or project into any of saidv slots, thereby securely holding it against withdrawal and also compelling the spool to rotate with the shaft. The means for operating the detent to release the spool will. now be described.

The spool is not mounted directly upon the Shaft; but the core thereof is bored to fit over a sleeve 76, which thus constitutes the support of the spool. The sleevein turn fits over the forward end of the shaft and is supported thereon so` as toV be capable of sliding but preferablyincapable of turning on the shaft. rilhe sleeve is considerably prolonged beyond the front end of the shaft and at its forward or free end is capped or provided with a head, as 70, which protrudes from the forward end of the spool, where it is readily perceived and manipulated. An open space exists between The spool-shaft 4t2, Fig.`

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the forward end of the shaft and the bottom of the hole in the sleeve, wherein is placed a compression-spring 77, the office of which is to hold the sleeve 7G in its normal forward position. The sleeve is provided at its rear end with a short longitudinal slot 78 to permit the passage of the arm 73 of the detent and is also provided with another slot 79 at a point directly forward of 7 S. The short arm 74 of the detent plays in the slot 79 of the sleeve. As the spring 77 presses the sleeve forward the point 8O of the sleeve bears against the short arm 74 of the detent and thereby holds the rear end of the pawl up in the ribbon-spool slot 75 as far as it will go, thereby preventing the accidental withdrawal of sleeve 7 6 from the shaft, as well as locking the ribbon-spool to the shaft. lVhen it is desired to remove lthe spool, the cap 7 O is pressed back, as shown at Fig. 16, whereupon the point Sl of the sleeve bears against the detent and forces it to vibrate inwardly toward the aXis of shaft 42 until, as the detent reaches Athe position shown at Fig. 16, the spool becomes unlocked and may be slipped off.. In practice the operator may grasp the spool, as shown at Fig. 16, placing his thumb on the cap 70 and his fingers on the rear flange of the spool, whereupon without appreciable effort the spool will come olf in his hand. The remaining parts will then resume the position shown at Fig. 15. To replace the spool, it is only necessary to slip it onto the sleeve 76 and press it back as far as it will go. During such operation the liange of the spool will bear upon the detent and cause it to vibrate inwardly, as before, whereby the sleeve 76 will be forced back a trifle and the spring 77 compressed, and when, as the shaft is turned by the winding mechanism, the detent arrives opposite one of the slots 75 in the core of the spool it will under the pressure of the spring 77 enter the slot and lock the spool to the shaft. The circularly-disposed slots 75 are arranged at preferably frequent intervals, so that the shaft cannot turn much without enabling the detent to engage one of the slots. In practice, after slipping the spool upon the shaft, the operator rotates the spool to take up the slack ribbon, whereby opportunity is given the detent to enter one of the slots. The sleeve is perforated at S2 to permit the ready insertionV of pin 72 in assembling the parts. The spools may be readily slipped off without disconnecting the ribbon from either spool and together with the ribbon relnoved bodily from the machine and another pair substituted bearing a fresh ribbon or one of different color, without regard to its length. The ends of the spool are similar, so that each spool is reversible and may be slipped onto either sleeve either end first, thus perpaper-carriage has the usual hinge construction, so that it may be lifted to permit ready access to the ribbon and removal thereof.

To turn 'the ribbon occr.-Excessive turning of the ribbon when in use may be avoided by turning it bodily over and exposing the other surface to the wear of the types. This may be doneby simply withdrawing the spools and ribbon, turning them bodily over,and replacing them. This should be done only when one spool is empty, and it should then, if necessary, be manually swung to its feeding position, as shown by the diagram at Fig. 4. The ribbon will thereafter wind back and forth, as before, without further attention.

ilfccms for scczwing van wear of the ribbon-As shown at Fig 9, I preferably employ a shifting carriage, each type-bar being provided with a lower-case and capital type. The ribbon is arranged centrally of the machine, so that the lower-case types will strike on the front portion of the ribbon. The capital types will strike on the rear portion, but will not perceptibly wear the same, as but few capital letters are generally used. Then the.front portion of the ribbon has been sufficiently worn, the same may be turned bodily over, as just explained, or it may be taken from the machine and swung around end for end Without turning it over, and replaced upon the machine with the spools transposed. In either case the worn portion of the ribbon will be in the rear and the comparatively unworn portion will be in front and therefore exposed to theimpact of the lower-case types. I preferably employ a ribbon three-fourths of an inch in width, and in this way a very substantial amount of use can in practice be derived from the ribbon.

As a cooperative device for securing even wear of the ribbon I provide means for causing the pulleys 5S and 59 to have aslight reciprocating motion endwise as they rotate during the passage ofl the ribbon over them. The ribbon is thus made to move sinously as it traverses the pulleys, so that during repeated winding movements of the ribbon the types wear a wider path than would be worn if the ribbon were to travel in a direct manner. Referring now more particularly to Figs. 17 and 18, it will be observed that each. pulley is shaped like a short piece of tube, within which are secured, at the ends thereof, two diagonal disks 92, each disk having a central hole 93, whereby the pulley is enabled to both rotate and slide upon the stationary supporting-pin 94, which is fastened in the ears 95 of a bracket 96, secured to the top plate of the machine. Projecting inwardly from said ears are two short pins or guides 97, rounded at their free ends. The function of these projections is to contact with the diagonal disksf92, and thereby so guide the pulley that it will reciprocate endwise as it is rotated, such endwise motion being due to the slanting position of the disks. A sectional plan of a pulley and bracket is IOO IIO

shown at Fig. 1S, the pulley having been forced to the extreme forward limit of its movement in the described manner. The ribbon clings to the pulley and is itself carried backward and forward with the pulleys.

The pulleys'are not connected, and if one should happen to move forwardly while the other is moving rearwardly the spot where the types strike would move in neither direction. rlhe operator may, if he choose, manually regulate the position of the pulleys so they will move in unison. Should he neglect to doso, no harm would result in-practice, as little things are constantly occurring to cause the pulleys to change their relative positions, such as being accidentally touched by the hand of the operator or accidentally moved during the inspection or cleaning of the types or by the removal and replacement of the move in unison, one method of such connection being illustrated at Figs. 9, 9b, and 9, whereat it will be observed that a rockershaft Z is mounted transversely in the base of the machine below the pulleys. Secured thereto are vertical arms Y, provided at their upper ends with forks X, each of which embraces pulley-shaft 94, which may be ,prolonged to a suitable extent and mounted loosely in the arms of the pulley-bracket 96. As the pulley 59 reciprocates endwise it rocks the shaft Z by means of the shaft 94, (made fast to the pulley,) fork X, and arm Y, and through the other arm Y and fork X a similar movement is communicated to the pulley 58, which need not be provided with a cam.

It is the usual practice to change or deflect the course of the ribbon during its passage from spool to spool generally by arranging a deflector or turning-support above each spool,- the ribbon being passed .up from one spool and over the detlector, thence across to the other deflector, and thence down to the other spool. Usually an edge of the top plate serves the purpose of a deliector. It has heretofore been suggested that a pulley be used as a deflector to permit freer longitudinal movement of the ribbon. It will be observed that I have taken advantage of the fact that a ribbon clings to the surface of the support by which its course is deflected in providing means for moving the support or deflector constantly endwise, so that vthe ribbon, as it passes over and clings or adheres to the detlector, is in consequence constantly moved in widthwise direction. It is obviously immaterial whether the deilector be in the form of a pulleyor any other suitable or usual form, so long as it moves end- Wise in such a manner as to keep the ribbon constantly moving widthwise vby reason of its clinging to the surface of the deflector..

i To wind he ribbon manuaZZg/.-For this purpose a horizontally-arran ged crown-Wheel 83, Figs. 6 and 8, is provided, the same being attached to the lower end of vertical shaft S4, mounted in the top plate and provided at its upper end with a crank 85, Fig. 9. Whenever the ratchet-wheel 31 is in its elevated position,it meshes with the crown-wheel 83, and by turning the crank the ratchet Wheel and ribbon-spool will be rotated. If it be desired to manually wind the ribbon on the other spool, the spools must first be transposed in position. j

Rbbon-gdtes.-'lhe top plate is slotted or cut away over the spools, as at 86, Fig. 9, to form a passage-way vfor the ribbon. This passageway may, if desired, be left open; but I preferably provide a gate 87, pivoted at S8 to the top plate, normally standing closed, but which may be swung open to permit the ready withdrawal of the ribbon and spools from the machine without disconnecting the ribbon from either spool. side of the machine the top plate is likewise slotted at S9 and preferably provided with a similar gate 90, here shown in its closed position. Each gate has a downwardly-projecting flange 91, Fig. 6, which conforms to the general formation of the top plate.

Bell striking mechanism-This mechanism is located in the base of the machine and is operated by the carriage-driving shaft, to the end of which is secured a revolubly-adj ustable cap for manipulation by the operator to set the alarm. Referring now to Figs. 1, 11, and 12, the right-hand end of the carriage-driving shaft 10 projects through the hollow hub 7 of the tension-adjusting Wheel 8 and extends nearly to the right-hand side of the machine-base. An annular groove is cut in the shaft near its end, into which pro- On the opposite IOO IIO

jects the end of a screw 99, that is set into the cap 98,l permitting the rotation of the cap on the shaft, but preventing its withdrawal therefrom. A friction-spring 100 is inserted between the end'of the shaft and the inner termination of the hole in 'the cap, as a result of which it becomes necessary to use considerable force to rotate the cap on the shaft. The cap is provided with a flange 101, from which project wings which protrude beyond the wall of the base, so as to be readily perceived and grasped by the operator. The bell 102 is secured to the base of the machine, and above -it is arranged a gravityhammer 103, pivoted to the base at 104 and provided with a depressible arm 105, wherewith engages a gravity-trip 106, pivoted at 107 to the adjustable cap 98. `At the rotation of the shaft the nose 108 of the tripA bears down the arm 105, elevating the hainmer, and at a predetermined moment the end of the nose,which at this time is moving downwardly and forwardly, will slip off the arm and release the hammer, which falls and strikes the bell. The bell-trip partially surrounds the body of the cap 98, and its hook shape secures it against undue vibration in either direction. Upon the reverse rotation of the shaft the' nose 10S of the trip will yield and vibrate, so as to pass the arm 105 without vibrating it. Then the weight of the tripl will cause it to resume its normal position above the arm 105. The hammer 103 is provided with a tailpiece 109, which bears against the pin-stop 110 to limit the downward vibration of the hammer. To adjust the alarm, the paper-carriage should be set to the position where it is desired to have the bell strike. Then the wings of the cap should be grasped by the operator and turned until the bell strikes. The bell will thereafter always strike when the carriage' reaches the same point in its travel. The friction produced by the pressure of spring 100 is sufficient to prevent the cap from slipping on the shaft when the obstruction of the bell-hammer is met.

The details of construction and arrangement may be widel y varied without discarding the essence of the invention or sacrificing the advantages secured thereby. It will be observed that portions of the invention may be used Without others.

YVhat I claim herein as new, and desire to securevby Letters Patent, is*

1. The combination with a ribbon of a ratchet-wheel, a pawl, and a pinion connected to the carriage-drivin g mechanism and adapted to actuate the pawl, the pawl being provided With teeth to engage the ratchet-wheel,

and also with teeth to engage the pinion, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination with a ribbon of a ratchet-wheel, a pawl, a pinion for actuating the pawl, the pawl being provided with teeth to engage the ratchet-wheel and also with teeth to engage the pinion, and a spring for pressing the pawl into engagement with the ratchet-wheel, substantially as set forth.

3. Ina type-writing machine, the combination with aribbon, a pair of spools and a pair of ratchet-wheels of a transverse carriagedriving shaft provided with a pair of pawls for actuating the ratchet-wheels and provided also with a sheave, and a cord attached at one end to the sheave and at the other end to the carriage, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination with a ribbon, a pair of spoolsand a pair of ratchet-wheels of an actuating-shaft, a pair of pinions thereon and a pair of pawls adapted to be actuated by said pinions and in turn to actuate said ratchetwheels, substantially as set forth.

v 5. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a ribbon7 a pair of spools, one located at each side of the machine, and a pair of ratchet-Wheels, of acarriage-driving shaft mounted transversely at the base of the machine and provided with a pair of pinions, and a pair of pawls geared to the pinions and extending to the ratchet-wheels,substantially as set forth.

6. The combination with a ribbon of a spool arranged to rotate and means for mechanically swinging the spool in the plane'of its rotation, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of a ribbon, a pair of spools, a pair of eccentrically-pivoted supports, and a link pivoted at each end to one of the supports, and serving to t-ransmit the motion of one to the other, substantially as set forth.'

8. The combination with a ribbon of a pair of reciprocatory spools, each being adapted to receive and wind the ribbon while at one end of its reciprocal movement and to pay out the ribbon while at the other end of such movement, and means for mechanically moving either spool to its Winding position and simultaneously moving the other spool to its delivering position, substantially as set forth. y

9. In a type-Writing machine the combination with a pair of spools arranged at the sides of the machine and a ribbon arranged across the machine and extending down to the spools, of means for mechanically elevating either spool and simultaneously depressing the other spool, substantially as set forth.

10. The combination of a ribbon,.a spool, a ratchet-wheel, a drivin g-pawl, and a pivoted support provided with a switch to alternately` engage and disengage the pawl and ratchetwheel, substantially as set forth.

. 11. The combination with a ribbon of apair of reciprocatory ribbon-spools, a pair of reciprocatory supports therefor, means for connecting the supports so that they will move simultaneously, and a double-acting spring arranged to act upon both supports to hold them at either end of their reciprocal motion, substantially as set forth.

12. The combination with a ribbon of a spool, a ratchet wheel, a pivoted support therefor, a driving pawl, a switch, and a double-acting spring, substantially as set forth.

13. The combination with a ribbon of a pair of spools, means for winding the ribbon upon either spool, a switch, andv means whereby either spool may be actuated to operate the switch at the cessation of the unwindin g movement of the other spool, substantially as set forth.

. 14. The combination with a ribbon of a pair of spools, a pair of ratchet-wheels, a pair of driving-pawls directly engaging said ratchet- Wheels, means for reciprocating the pawls, a pair of vibratory supports, and a bar, as 48, connecting the supports and also adapted to move the pawls alternately out of engagement with the ratchet-wheels, substantially as set forth.

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15. The combination with a ribbon of a pair of spools, a pair of driving-wheels, means for actuating the wheels, and a switch controlled by a double-acting spring and arranged to be operated at the cessation of the unwinding movement of either spool, substantially as set forth.

1G. The combination with a ribbon, a pair of spools, and means for winding the ribbon from either spool to the other, of means for mechanically prolonging` the longitudinal movement of the ribbon past the printingpoint after it ceases to unwind from the delivery-spool, substantially as set forth.

17. The combination of a ribbon, a pair of spools, means for winding the ribbon from either spool to the other, means for prolonging the longitudinal movement of the ribbon past the printing-point after it ceases to unwind from the delivery-spool, and a switch arranged to be actuated during such prolongation of the movement of the ribbon, substantially as set forth.

1S. The combination of a ribbon, a pair of spools, and means for mechanically actuating eithe"`r spoolboth to Wind the ribbon thereon and to prolong the longitudinal movement of the ribbon past the printing-point after it ceases to unwind from the other spool, substantially as set forth.

19. The combination of a ribbon, a pair of spools, a switch, and means for actuating either spool, first, to wind the ribbon thereon; second, to prolong the longitudinal movement of the ribbon past the printing-point after it ceases to unwind from the other spool, and, third, to operate the switch during such prolonged movement, substantially as set forth.

20. The combination with a ribbon and a spool of means for mechanically moving the spool laterally at the cessation of its unwinding movement and thereby prolonging the longitudinal movement of the ribbon past the printing-point, substantially as set forth.

2l. The combination with a ribbon of a pair of spools and means for mechanically actuating either spool to wind the ribbon thereon and to also move the other spool laterally at the cessation of the unwinding movement thereof and thereby prolong the longitudinal movement of the ribbon past the printingpoint, substantiall y as set forth.

22. The combination with a ribbon of a pair of spools, a switch, and means 'for actuating either spool, first, towind the ribbon thereon; second, to move the other spool laterally at the cessation of the unwinding movement thereof and thereby prolong the longitudinal movement of the ribbon past the printingpoint, and, third, to operate the switch during such prolonged movement of the ribbon, substantially as set forth.

23. The combination with a ribbon of a pair of spools, means for winding the ribbon upon either spool, a switching mechanism arranged to operate through the longitudinal movements of the ribbon when the body of the ribbon becomes wound upon either spool, to disengage .the same from its winding means, and means for relieving the ribbon from longitudinal stress during such disengagement, substantially as set forth.

24. The combination with a ribbon of a pair of spools and means for mechanically winding the ribbon upon either spool and mechanically moving said spool laterally at the' cessation of its windin g movement, substantially as set forth.

25. The combination with a ribbon and a pair of spools connected for a simultaneous lateral movement, of means t' or mechanically winding the ribbon upon either spool and mechanically moving both spools laterally at stantially as set forth.

26. In a type-writing machine, the combi-' nation with a pair of spools located at the sides of the machine, the spools being connected for a simultaneous lateral movement, and a ribbon arranged across the machine and extending down to the spools, of means for winding the ribbon upon either spool and forcing such spool downward and the other spool upward when the body of the ribbon becomes Wound upon the said winding-spool, substantially as set forth.

27. The combination with a ribbon, a spool and a ratchet-wheel, of a pawl adapted to rotate the ratchet-wheel and spool and also to move the same laterally, substantially as set forth.

28. In a type-writing machine, the combination with spools provided with ratchetwheels and located at the sides of the machine, the spools being connected for a simultaneous lateral movement, and a ribbon arranged across the machine and extending down to the spools, of a pair of pawls, each arranged to rotate its associate ratchet-Wheel and spool to wind the ribbon thereon, and to also force such spool downward andthe other spool upward at the cessation of the winding movement of the spool, substantially as set forth.

29. The combination with a ribbon, a pair of spools and a switch, of means for winding the ribbon upon either spool and moving such spool laterally to actuate the switch at the cessation of its winding movement, substantially as set forth.

30. The combination with a ribbon, a pair of spools provided with ratchet-Wheels, and a switch, of a pair of pawls, each arranged to rotate Aits associated ratchet-wheel and spool to wind the ribou thereon and. to also move such spool laterally to operate the switch when the body of the ribbon becomes wound thereon, substantially as set forth.

31. The combination with a ribbon, a pair of spools, a switch, and a double-actin g spring,

of means for winding the ribbon upon either spool; and means, called into action at the cessation of the unwinding movement of the other spool, for operating the double-acting Vthe cessation of the Winding movement, sub-v IOO IIO 

